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Hosting via Airbnb: Motivations and Financial Assurance s in Monetized Network Hospitality Airi Lampinen Mobile Life Centre Stockholm University Kista, Sweden airi.lampinen@iki.fi Coye Cheshire School of Information University of California, Berkeley Berke ley, CA, USA coye@ischool.berkeley.edu ABSTRACT We examine how financial assurance structures and the clearly defined financial transaction at the core of monetized network hospitality reduce uncertainty for Airbnb hosts and guests . W e apply the pr inciples of social exchange and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to a qualitative study of Airbnb hosts to 1) describe activities that are facilitated by the peer -to-peer exchange platform and 2) how the assurance of the in itial financial exchange facili tate s additional social exchanges between hosts and guests. The study illustrates that the financial benefits of hosting do not necessarily crowd out intrin sic motivations for hosting but instead strengthen them and even act as a gateway to further social exchange and interpersonal interaction . We describe the assurance structures in networked peer -to-peer exchange , and explain how such assurances can reconcile contention betwe en extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. We conclude with implications for design and future research. Author Keywords network hospitality; peer -to-peer exchange; uncertainty; motivation; money; Airbnb; Couchsurfing ; sharing economy ACM Classification Keywords H.5.m. Information interfaces and presenta tion (e.g., HCI): Miscellaneous . INTRODUCTION A variety of emerging platforms are creating new peer -to-peer marketplaces that challenge established industries. Online systems such as Airbnb and Couchsurfing disrupt the traditional corporate business models associated with rental housing an d hospitality: Instead of a single company managing buildings, terms , and leases, these new platforms facilitate connection s between hosts who rent spaces in their homes or secondary properties and guests from around the world. The emergence of peer -to-pee r housing for short -term guests may contribute to the revival of home stays, local bed -and -breakfast i nns, and multicultural hospitality networks , such Servas 1, which have long connect ed hosts and travelers. The broad realm of online peer -to-peer sharing sy stems for housing, mobility , and other exchanges of goods or services is often classified together as the Òsharing economy Ó Ð a phenomenon that is attract ing increasing scholarly attention within HCI and CSCW [22]. As a term, Ôsharing Õ tends to engender notions of gifts, favors, and other non -monetary transactions. However, many peer -to-peer online platforms in the purported sharing economy explicitly involve monetary negotiated exchanges. For example, Airbnb creates a market of short -term rental s with a clearly defined price. A host is free to name any price they want or take rate recommendations from Airbnb . This research builds on a recent study on monetizing network hospitality [ 20] which found A irbnb hosts in Finland to be motivated by both financial gains and expected social gratification. This prior study highlighted the broader importance of social interactions in network hospitality, while raising important unanswered questions about how fina ncial exchanges relate to social exchanges, and how different extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for hosting interact . The goals of this paper are twofold: (1) to deeply examine the role of financial assurance structures in the economic and non -monetary i nteractions that are facilitated in monetized network hospitality , and (2) to corroborate key findings about intrisic and extrinsic motivations and experiences from [ 20] in a different geographical and cultural setting ( the San Fracisco Bay Area, USA) . 1 A coo perative founded after World War II to coordinate hospitality exchange with phone calls and letters [ 16,17] Permission to make digital or hard copies o f part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for thi rd-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s) . CHI’16 , May 07 -12, 2016, San Jose, CA, USA ACM 978 -1-4503 -3362 -7/16/05. dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858092
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