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Guillem Ylla
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2019-02-16 16:07:49.715171
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RESEARCHARTICLE OpenAccess ComparativeanalysisofmiRNAexpression duringthedevelopmentofinsectsof differentmetamorphosismodesandgerm- bandtypes GuillemYlla,Maria-DolorsPiulachs * andXavierBelles * Abstract Background: DomiRNAscontributetospecifythegerm-bandtypeandthebodystructureintheinsectembryo? OurgoalwastoaddressthatissuebystudyingthechangesinmiRNAexpressionalongtheontogenyofthe Germancockroach Blattellagermanica ,whichisashortgerm-bandandhemimetabolanspecies. Results: WesequencedsmallRNAlibrariesrepresenting11developmentalstagesof B.germanica ontogeny(with especialemphasisonembryogenesis)andthechangesinmiRNAexpressionwereexamined.Datawerecompared withequivalentdatafortwolonggerm-bandholometabolanspecies Drosophilamelanogaster and Drosophilavirilis , andtheshortgerm-bandholometabolanspecies Triboliumcastaneum .Theidentificationof B.germanica embryosmall RNAsequencesunveiledmiRNAsnotdetectedinpreviousstudies,suchasthoseoftheMIR-309familyand54novel miRNAs.FourmainwavesofmiRNAexpressionwererecognized(withmostmiRNAchangesoccurringduringthe embryonicstages):thefirstfromday0today1ofembryogenesis,thesecondduringmid-embryogenesis(days0 Œ 6), thethird(withanacuteexpressionpeak)onday2ofembryonicdevelopment,andthefourthduringpost-embryonic development.Thesecondwavedefinedtheboundariesofmaternal-to-zygotictransition,withmaternalmRNAsbeing cleared,presumablybyMir-309andassociatedscavengermiRNAs. Conclusion: miRNAsfollowwell-definedpatternsofexpressionoverhemimetabolanontogeny,patternsthataremore diverseduringembryonicdevelopmentthanduringthenymphalstages.TheresultssuggestthatmiRNAsplay importantrolesinthedevelopmentaltransitionsbetweentheembryonicstagesofdevelopment(startingwith maternalloading),duringwhichtheymightinfluencethegerm-bandtypeandmetamorphosismode. Keywords: miRNAs,Embryogenesis,Maternal-to-zygotictransition,Germ-band,Metamorphosis, Blattella , Tribolium , Drosophila Background DoembryonicmiRNAsinfluencethegerm-bandtype andmetamorphosismodeofinsects?Longgerm-band insects,suchasthefruitfly Drosophilamelanogaster , formmostoftheirsegmentssimultaneouslyatthe blastodermstage,i.e.,beforegastrulation.Incontrast, shortgerm-bandspeciesstartgastrulationwithjusta fewsegments,andthenprogressivelyaddnewonesfrom anundifferentiatedgrowthzonesituatedattheposterior endoftheembryo[1].Shortgerm-banddevelopmentis typicalofbasalinsectssuchaslocustsandcockroaches, whereasmorederivedspeciessuchasthoseofthegenus Drosophila predominantlyundergolonggerm-band development[2].Thedifferencesbetweenthesetwode- velopmentalextremesareparalleledbythedifferential expressionsofpatterninggenes[3,4].Ingeneral,the participationofmiRNAsingene-regulatorynetworksis crucial,increasingtheprecisionofexpressionand reducingnoise[5 Œ 9].ItisthereforelikelythatmiRNAs influencethemechanismsthatspecifythegerm-band *Correspondence: mdolors.piulachs@ibe.upf-csic.es ; xavier.belles@ibe.upf- csic.es InstituteofEvolutionaryBiology,CSIC-UniversitatPompeuFabra,Passeig Marítim37,08003Barcelona,Spain ©TheAuthor(s).2017 OpenAccess ThisarticleisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0 InternationalLicense(creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,and reproductioninanymedium,providedyougiveappropriatecredittotheoriginalauthor(s)andthesource,providealinkto theCreativeCommonslicense,andindicateifchangesweremade.TheCreativeCommonsPublicDomainDedicationwaiver (creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)appliestothedatamadeavailableinthisarticle,unlessotherwisestated. Ylla etal.BMCGenomics (2017) 18:774 DOI10.1186/s12864-017-4177-5
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