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Fluvialsedimenttransportanddepositionfollowingthe1991 eruptionofMountPinatubo ShannonK.Hayes a,*,DavidR.Montgomery a,ChristopherG.Newhall baDepartmentofGeologicalSciences,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA98195,USA bU.S.GeologicalSurvey,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA98195,USA Received24January2001;receivedinrevisedform26June2001;accepted28September2001 AbstractThe1991eruptionofMountPinatubogeneratedextremesedimentyieldsfromwatershedsheavilyimpactedbypyroclastic flows.BedloadsamplinginthePasigŒPotreroRiver,oneofthemostheavilyimpactedrivers,revealednegligiblecriticalshear stressandveryhightransportratesthatreflectedanessentiallyunlimitedsedimentsupplyandtheenhancedmobilityofparticles movingoverasmooth,fine-grainedbed.DimensionlessbedloadtransportratesinthePasigŒPotreroRiverdiffered substantiallyfromthosepreviouslyreportedforriversintemperateregionsforthesamedimensionlessshearstress,butwere similartoratesidentifiedinriversonothervolcanoesandephemeralstreamsinaridenvironments.Thesimilaritybetween volcanicallydisturbedandaridriversappearstoarisefromthelackofanarmoredbedsurfaceduetoveryhighrelativesediment supply;inaridrivers,thisisattributedtoaflashyhydrograph,whereasvolcanicallydisturbedriverslackarmoringdueto sustainedhighratesofsedimentdelivery.Thisworksuggeststhattheincreasesinsedimentsupplyaccompanyingmassive disturbanceinducemorphologicandhydrologicchangesthattemporarilyenhancetransportefficiencyuntilthewatershed recoversandsedimentsupplyisreduced. D2002ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved. Keywords: Bedload;MountPinatubo;Sedimenttransport;Volcano;Watersheddisturbance 1.Introduction Post-eruptionsedimenttransportanddepositionare majorproblemsassociatedwithexplosivevolcanic eruptionsbecausetheseprocessescancausewide- spreaddamagelongaftereruptionscease.Rivers impactedbyvolcaniceruptionshavethehighest recordedspecificsedimentyields(Fig.1)dueto increasedrunoffanderosionfromhillslopesmantled withfine-grainedtephra,thedestructionofstabilizing vegetation,andaccompanyingchannelchanges (Swansonetal.,1983;CollinsandDunne,1986; Leavesleyetal.,1989;SmithandLowe,1991;Pierson etal.,1992,1996;Majoretal.,1996).Althoughhigh erosionrateswerepreviouslydescribedatseveral volcanoes(Segerstrom,1950,1960,1966;Waldron, 1967;OllierandBrown,1971),detailedworkfollow- ingthe1980eruptionofMountSt.Helensincreased recognitionofthepotentialimpactsofexplosiveerup- tionsonthehydrologyofthesurroundinglandscape (Lisleetal.,1983;Swansonetal.,1983;Jandaetal., 1984a,b;CollinsandDunne,1986;MeyerandMartin- son,1989;Dinehart,1998;Simon,1999;Majoretal., 0169-555X/02/$-seefrontmatter D2002ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved. PII:S 0169-555X(01)00155-6*Correspondingauthor.Presentaddress:ForestrySciences Laboratory,3200SWJeffersonWay,Corvallis,OR97331,USA. E-mailaddress: shannon.hayes@orst.edu(S.K.Hayes). www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Geomorphology45(2002)211Œ224
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